GDF15 and Abnormal renal physiology: The AtheroGene study, involving 1352 patientswith SAP and 877 patients with ACS, identified GDF-15 as a new biomarker for riskstratification of patients with SAP and confirmed GDF-15 as a new prognosticbiomarker in ACS independent of CV risk factors, number of diseased vessels,renal dysfunction, and other markers (cTnT, NT-proBNP, hs-CRP) [34].