MMP9 and cardiac hypertrophy: Gal-3 is closelyrelated to the regulation of cardiac remodeling, and the decreased expression ofGal-3 gene in the process of aging can aggravate cardiac hypertrophy,fibrosis and apoptosis, increase the expression of Ang II, matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), but decrease the expression of SIRT1 and sirtuin-7 (SIRT7) [43].Ubiquitin endonuclease activity is also associated with age-related changes inthe heart because genes involved in ubiquitin transfer are transcriptionalup-regulated with age, which contributes to the induction of cardiomyocyteautophagy.