PTEN and acute kidney injury: Peng et al.[186] found that Shikonin can attenuate apoptosis, oxidative stress and theinflammatory response of renal tubular epithelial cells in a sepsis-AKI modelthrough the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) pathway.In addition, many TCM including Astragaloside IV, Alpinetin, Astaxanthin (ATX),Baicalin, Cordyceps sinensis as well as Curcumin have been shown to improve AKI[187].