The synthesis and release ofplatelet-activating factor (PAF) are elevated by hypercholesterolemia [35].Platelet-activating factor increases the formation and release of interleukin-1(IL-1) [40], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [41].Platelet-activating factor [42], LTB4 [43], C3a and C5a [44], interleukin-1 [45]and TNF-α [46] stimulate PMNLs to generate ROS. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is familial hypercholesterolemia.