NPPB and hydrops fetalis: In patients with HF and normal left ventricular ejection fraction, AFsignificantly reduces cardiac output from baseline, leading to renalhypoperfusion and neuroendocrine changes resulting in chronic renal dysfunction.Our study revealed that elevated Scr and serum NT-proBNP levels were independentrisk factors for the end-point event, suggesting an intrinsic interaction betweenthem.