INS and atherosclerosis: We know that DM patientswith poor glycemic control are more inclined to use insulin, but the relationshipbetween insulin and atherosclerosis is complex, insulin has several pleiotropiceffects such as antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antioxidant properties,however, insulin actions remain a subject of debate with respect to the risk ofadverse CV events, which can increase in individuals exposed to high insulindoses [42].