While ANXA1 has previously been reported to play a role in the regulation of myeloid cells at early time points following Leishmania infection, and expression levels of the protein have been shown to correlate with the severity of the histopathological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the effect of leishmanial exosome/ANXA1 interaction has yet to be studied (18, 19). Here, ANXA1 is linked to cutaneous leishmaniasis.