Additionally, significant differenceswere present in age, the prevalence of CKD, prior percutaneous coronaryintervention (PCI), the rate of on-pump CABG, postoperative anticoagulation andthe level of operation time, LAD, LVEF, LVEDD, Cr, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,and BNP (all p < 0.05) between the groups with POAF durations shorterthan 48 hours and the group with POAF durations longer than 48 hours (Table 1).After applying PSM and IPTW, the standardized mean difference for all baselinevariables was <0.1, indicating that the baseline characteristics between groupswere balanced (Supplementary Figs. 1,2). Here, NPPB is linked to chronic kidney disease.