PIGF and congenital rubella syndrome: In the same way, mineral and bone disorder biomarkers such as fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and vitaminD have been suggested to participate in CRS development; while mean plateletvolume (MPV), hepcidin, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(suPAR), placental growth factor (PIGF), urinary cofilin-1, urinary adrenodoxin(ADX), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), fetuin B (FETUB), growthdifferentiation factor 15 (GDF15), guanine deaminase (GUAD) and neurogenic locusnotch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1, urinary proteins) might be useful in prognosticCRS features [127].