GCG and cancer: Yang et al. (2010) found that there is a negative correlation between exposure to exogenous insulin and cancer risk, and the correlation between the two is consistent no matter how the queue is analysed. In a diabetic state, α-cells usually secreted higher than normal glucagon levels (Asadi & Dhanvantari, 2021), glucagon promotes the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) partly reduces the activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) (McCarty, 1997), thus reducing the cancer risk.