[105] incorporated laboratory values, particularly cardiac biomarkers, andused ML techniques to predict a five-year risk of AF in high-risk patients.Although the CHARGE-AF risk calculator was the main focus of the study, otherlaboratory biomarkers such as troponin-T, NT-proBNP, serum creatinine, and ECGwere also taken into consideration. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.