APOE and Alzheimer disease: Current animal models of AA/AD are primarily of rats and mice, andthey are generally categorized into the following treatment categories: (1)extraluminal application of CaCl2 and elastase in the abdominal aorta toinduce inflammation [27, 28]; (2) angiotensin-II (Ang II) subcutaneous infusionfor ApoE-⁣/- mice to mimic atherosclerosis-caused aortic dilatation andlesions; and (3) intraluminal application of elastase for the abdominal aorta ororal beta-aminopromazine (BAPN) to induce destruction of elastic layers followedby chronic inflammation [28, 29].