Interestingly, as two of the CD4+ T lymphocyte cell subsets, it has beenthoroughly described in experimental animal research and clinical studies thatTreg and Th17 cells exhibit crucial but diverse roles in atherosclerosisprogression, in which Treg cells and related anti-inflammatory cytokines(TGF-β and IL-10) inhibit atherosclerosis progression, while Th17 cellsand related pro-inflammatory cytokines exert the opposite effect [15, 16]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is atherosclerosis.