NPPA and left ventricular hypertrophy: Tang et al. [15] induced left ventricular hypertrophy, impaired cardiacfunction, decreased left ventricular systolic function, reduced ejectionfraction, myocardial cell hypertrophy, and increased expression of hypertrophicgenes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), andβ-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) by subcutaneously injectingnorepinephrine (NE, 1.5 mg/kg, 0.1% ascorbic acid solution) twice daily for 15consecutive days in C57BL/6 mice.