TGFB1 and cardiac hypertrophy: They found that 8-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice showed impairedcardiac function, myocardial hypertrophy, increased expression of hypertrophicgenes, myocardial fibrosis, and increased expression of macrophages in themyocardial tissue, as well as significantly increased expression of IL-10, IL-4,TGF-β, TNF-α, and CCL-2, indicating the coexistence of M1 and M2macrophages in the heart tissue after 4 weeks of TAC.