Systemic and chroniclow-grade inflammation increased expression of interleukin (IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and other cytokines leads to changes innitric oxide production, as well as alterations in cardiac and kidney; it isconsidered to be a key driver of both CKD and cardiac injury, and may serve as asurrogate therapeutic target [4, 6, 7]. Here, TNF is linked to chronic kidney disease.