TNF and sarcopenia: This study showed no significant difference in CRP and TNF-α; however,a notable decrease was observed in IL-6 levels in the circuit training group.Previous studies have shown varied results: An 8-week kettlebell exercise programsignificantly reduced CRP levels in older adults with sarcopenia [51], and a15-week combined exercise program significantly decreased TNF-α levelsin older women with sarcopenia [52].