In 2130 patients participating in the GISSI-HFtrial (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’infarto Miocardico Heart Failure trial), increased tubular markers NGAL, KIM-1 and NAG were related to a pooreroutcome (combined endpoint of death and HF hospitalization) even with a normalrenal function [98]. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and hydrops fetalis.