Subsequent studies demonstrated that urinary NGAL levels weresignificantly increased in patients with HF and chronic kidney disease and thatthis increase was positively associated not only with other markers of renaldamage such as reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased urinaryalbumin excretion (UAE) but also an increase in serum NT-proBNP values [95]. Here, NPPB is linked to hydrops fetalis.