In this regard, we have reviewed the information from a ratmodel of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive hypertrophy at 4 and 24weeks after inducing pressure overload as well as adaptive cardiac hypertrophyand heart failure at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing volume overload, respectively.Varying degrees of alterations in β1-AR density as well asisoproterenol-induced increases in cardiac function, intracellularCa2+-concentration in cardiomyocytes and adenylyl cyclase activity in crudemembranes have been reported under these hypertrophic conditions. The gene discussed is ADRB1; the disease is heart failure.