Thehistopathological findings in OSA patients replicate those observed in otherconditions associated with tissue hypoxia (and adaptive insulin resistance), suchas high-altitude maladaptation, sickle cell disease, and cyanotic congenitalheart disease, suggesting a causative role for hypoxia-related insulin resistancein the kidney lesion [206, 210, 211]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is sickle cell disease.