PPARG and Insulin resistance: Molecular mechanisms underlyinghypoxia-induced insulin resistance in OSA patients involve hypoxia induciblefactor (HIF) upregulation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ) downregulation, which reduces glucose uptake into adipocytes,suppresses adipogenesis, and causes whole-body insulin resistance [1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11].