Theseencompass glomerular filtration markers (Cystatin C and beta2-microglobulin) andcardiac biomarkers (Troponin-T and probrain natriuretic peptide (BNP) [60, 61].Across all the stages of CKD, eGFR based on Cystatin C has been shown to predictCV events including CAD with greater accuracy than creatinine-based eGFR. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and chronic kidney disease.