Patients undergoingdialysis are at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia, which is often causedby poor dietary compliance (high potassium diets) or inadequate intestinalpotassium excretion, reduced urine output, inadequate dialysis, transfer ofpotassium ions from intracellular to extracellular compartments, use of multiplemedications, especially renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and loopdiuretics, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and ESRD which canlead to elevated blood potassium levels due to metabolic acidosis [36, 37]. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is diabetes mellitus.