While STATs are the main downstreamsubstances of inflammatory signaling, they may mediate the inflammatory responseand play an essential role in the process of atrial fibrillation [46].Downregulation of (ZFHX3 has been reported to increase sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)Ca2+ content, Ca2+ leakage, and Ca2+ transients; shorten actionpotential duration (APD); increase Kir3.4 and IKAch expression; and increaseSTAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 in HL-1 atrial myocytes [47]. This evidence concerns the gene ZFHX3 and atrial fibrillation.