VDR and heart failure: It was suggestedthat in VDR knock out mice that vitamin D regulates cardiac function through RAS.On the other hand, in the vitamin D deficient spontaneously hypertensive heartfailure prone rat model, ventricular remodeling and the progression to the finalterminal phase of heart failure phenotype was suggested to be associated withvitamin D deficiency and not with the initial cardiac hypertrophy [11].