We showed that serum RBP4 levels werehigher in DCM patients than in DM patients without DCM or the controls.Multivariate analysis adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, diabetesduration, left ventricular ejection fraction, insulin treatment, triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate,diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and logN-terminal proBNP showed a significant association between RBP4 and DCM (highestvs. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetic retinopathy.