TLR4 and inflammation: The expression of TLR4 in the kidneyis mainly located in proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells [5, 35, 36, 37].Ischemia associated renal inflammation upregulates the expression of TLR4 mRNAand protein in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct,and loop of Henle [37].