Additionally, in pancreatic cancer, stromal cells have been shown to regulate glutamine metabolic reprogramming in PDAC cells through the TGF-β/SMAD5 axis, which targets BCAT1, SDF-1a and IL-6 secretion activated by Nrf-2 respectively [82, 83]. The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.