TNF and neoplasm: Exosomes prepared from Ovalbumin-pulsed, activated DCs and modified with anti-CTLA4 antibody to block this inhibitory molecule resulted very efficient in boosting the cytotoxic T cells/T reg ratio within the tumor and increase the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α in both sera and tumors as a result of increased T cell activation and infiltration into the tumor [125].