APOB and Hyperinsulinemia: CVD risk factors [23–26, 32, 40, 65–73, 83–88], indicators of kidney injury and gut dysbiosis, including hyperuricemia [33–35], hyperinsulinemia [24, 25, 70], hypercholesterolemia [24, 25, 44], high-risk serum apolipoprotein B/A1 ratios [44], and pre-diabetes [42, 45] increased stepwise, with increasing intake of HFCS sweetened beverages, among Black and White participants, but not hypertriglyceridemia.