A significant difference in the incidence of GDM was found between pre-pregnancy BMI and the combination of ApoA1, HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c based on the interaction terms of pre-pregnancy BMI and early gestation TC, TG, ApoA1, ApoB, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglyceride glucose index, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c (P for interaction < 0.05; Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene APOB and gestational diabetes.