Furthermore, previous studies have shown that the expression of some combinations associated with immune steps is also a prognostic predictor for glioblastoma, e.g., the combined expression of CD276, GATA3, and LGALS3, as well as the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 predicted the prognosis of glioma patients50,51. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and glioma.