Since all three groups of fibroblasts, macrophages, and tumor cells were identified in close proximity to each other (Fig. 6a), we then quantitatively visualized these spatial localizations with a proximity enrichment heatmap (Fig. 6e), showing that CTHRC1+GREM1+ myCAF were only in relationship to SPP1+ TAM and tumor cells, while SPP1 + TAM were in close proximity to tumor cells and also to immune cells. This evidence concerns the gene GREM1 and neoplasm.