Two stromal cell subtypes, CTHRC1+GREM1+ myCAF (Diff = 23.7%, p = 0.0014) and CLU+ CAF (Diff = 5.9%, p = 0.025) were found in significantly higher proportions in tumor patients (Fig. 3b), while other groups such as smooth muscle (Diff = 10.4%), C3+RARRES1+ CAF (Diff = 9.7%), and canonical myCAF (Diff = 3.5%) were trending towards tumor-enriched. Here, GREM1 is linked to neoplasm.