SPP1 and colorectal cancer: Qi et al.62 first did an in-depth study on the network between FAP+ CAF and SPP1+ TAM in colorectal cancer, proving the synergistic and spatial correlations of these groups, although their characterization of SPP1+ TAM in the study suggested a M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype regulated by STAT1. CXCL4 was also investigated as a driving factor behind the activation of SPP1+ TAM, concurrently leading to activation of myCAF63.