We verified this by plotting the CTHRC1+GREM1+ myCAF, SPP1+APOE+ TAM, and EMT signatures from previous parts of our study (Fig. 6c, Supplementary Fig. 5C), which showed clear overlays, supporting the co-localization of fibroblasts and macrophages while promoting the pro-tumor TME. Here, SPP1 is linked to neoplasm.