VEGFA and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Following the cytokine era, targeted therapy has changed the treatment landscape of advanced ccRCC and has become the standard treatment option for ccRCC.[44] Angiogenesis is a key process in the progression of advanced renal cell carcinoma.[44] The introduction of therapeutic drugs targeting VEGF signaling, especially multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has become a major breakthrough in the treatment of ccRCC.[45] However, resistance after antiangiogenic therapy is difficult to avoid, and the high likelihood of disease progression remains a challenge.