IRF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, FOXM1, IRF1, and STAT3 have been shown to bind to the CD274 promoter and regulate the PD‐L1 transcription in tumor cells.[34, 35, 36] Our study found that SOX12 upregulated the PD‐L1 expression by directly activating CD274 promoter transcription in HCC cells.