systematically reviewed the dysregulation of the innate immune system and inflammation-related pathways associated with hematopoietic defects in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may affect the progression of AML, as well as the variability in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression and NF- κB activation, IL1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) dysregulation, the changes of TGF- β and SMAD signaling pathway were both related to the pathogenesis of MDS/AML (28). The gene discussed is IRAK1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.