In T2D patients, there were significant clonal expansions observed in cytotoxic T cells (CD4 Tcyt and CD8 Tem) (Figure 3F), with the clonality size, measured using the Gini index, being notably higher in T2D cytotoxic T cells than in those from the non-diabetes (Figure 3G). Here, CD8A is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.