TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Among which, TGF-β1 contributes to liver fibrosis through facilitating extracellular matrix deposition via TGF-β1/Smad axis in HSCs, while UDP-glucose/UDP-fructose recognizes purinergic receptor P2Y14 distributed in HSCs, resulting in the activation of HSCs and liver fibrosis (Oh et al., 2012; Mederacke et al., 2022).