Emerging alarmins in cognitive and mental disorders including HMBG1, S100, IL-33 and its soluble receptor, soluble ST2, while among type 2 alarmins, less is known about the roles of TSLP and IL-25, but IL-25 could be important in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity (Sonobe et al., 2009; Yuan et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene IL25 and psychiatric disorder.