Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PsO), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are among the ADs that are implicated by the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis (García-Cuesta et al., 2019) (Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and rheumatoid arthritis.