GCG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition, numerous studies have shown that another SCFA butyrate can alleviate MASLD by improving the gut microbiota, the tight junctions in the intestine, the expression of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor in the liver and modulates the TLR4 signaling pathways (Baumann et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020).