TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Currently, multiple guidelines recommend prompt initiation of treatment with TNF inhibitors in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis who exhibit an inadequate response to standard or other conventional treatments (Singh et al., 2019; Ward et al., 2019; Smolen et al., 2020; Fraenkel et al., 2021).