ACTN1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Mutations within genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, including titin (TTN), myosin heavy chain alpha and beta (MYH6, MYH7), tropomyosin 1 (TPM1), myosin-binding protein C3 (MYBPC3), troponin-C, troponin-I, and troponin-T (TNNC1, TNNI3, and TNNT2), cardiac actinin 1 (ACTN1) are directly linked to disordered force generation, thus leading to myocardial dysfunction and DCM (36).