After comparison, statistically significant differences were observed in age, Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) scores, course of DM, and previous history of anti-VEGF injections between the two groups (P < 0.05), suggesting that the development of postoperative DME was closely associated with both patient characteristics and conditions of the fundus. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is diabetic retinopathy.