In advanced liver disease, the inflammatory factor TNF-α exerts a pro-carcinogenic effect through CHI3L1, leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxide [151], whereas in MAFLD, CHI3L1 induces an increase in lipid content in hepatocytes through the AKT, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK), and ERK pathways [158]. The gene discussed is CHI3L1; the disease is liver disorder.