Similar findings were reported in the preclinical murine model experiments conducted by Curran et al. [53] In mice pre-implanted with B16-BL6 melanoma, vaccination with B16-Flt-3 ligand (Fvax) combined with a CTLA-4 inhibitor resulted in tumor rejection in 10% of the mice, while adding a PD-1 inhibitor to Fvax increased tumor rejection to 25% of the mice. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.