Therefore, given our finding that acute Nanoligomer treatment reduced NF-κB and NLRP3 in the hippocampus (a key area of the brain involved in memory and cognitive function) and the central role of neuroinflammation in cognitive dysfunction with brain aging and AD [27], we next tested the hypothesis that long-term Nanoligomer treatment (150 mg/kg body weight; 3 × week for one month) would improve cognitive function in old C57Bl/6J male and female mice. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease.