Potential RNA toxicity mechanisms19 have also been proposed in RILPL1-related OPDM7 Alternatively, or concurrently, repeat peptides which are synthesised through repeat associated non-ATG dependent (RAN) translation19, as shown in C9orf72-related ALS and repeat associated translation from the NOTCH2NLC 5′-UTR, could contribute to the progressive muscle degeneration observed in ABCD3-mediated disease. The gene discussed is ABCD3; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.