CCL2 and neoplasm: There is some evidence that the release of cytokines, including TGF-β (Buonfiglioli and Hambardzumyan 2021), CSF-1 (Pyonteck and others 2013), CCL-2 (Zhang and others 2012), and IL-33 (De Boeck and others 2020), by tumor cells can polarize TAMs toward what is termed the M2 phenotype, an immunosuppressive state that contrasts with the more usual proinflammatory M1 phenotype.