ACOD1 and bacterial infectious disease: Along those lines, the cis-aconitic decarboxylase immune-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) and its metabolic product itaconate, which have been shown to inhibit bacterial infection, intracellular viral replication, and inflammation in macrophages, appear to be very interesting candidates since they have recently been shown to promote phagocytosis in macrophages via the Keap1/Nfr2/CD36 pathway [90].