We observed that the inclusion of CKM or CKM + anti-PD-L1 in a combined treatment regimen improved the anti-tumor efficacy of both DC–Lysate and DC–Pool Peptide vaccines, with the addition of anti-PD-L1 (in the absence of CKM) solely improving the treatment benefits significantly for the DC–Pool Peptide (but not DC–Lysate) vaccine cohort. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.