CKM and neoplasm: Despite the ability of vaccines coordinately targeting both melanoma and PVEC antigens (i.e., DC–Lysate vs. DC–Pool Peptide vaccines) to provide therapeutic benefit, neither treatment modality resulted in tumor-free mice or to a survival extension beyond day 50 in our studies, necessitating the testing of combined immunotherapy approaches that potentiated a pro-inflammatory TME conducive to improved T cell infiltration (i.e., CKM regimen) and/or improved TIL maintenance/function (i.e., anti-PD-L1).