TARDBP and HIV-1 infection: For example, Transactive Response DNA-binding protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) encodes a protein that regulates cell permissivity to HIV-1 infection by acting as a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 gene expression through histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) [48], which is also a negative regulator of the APOBEC3G restriction factor [49] (log2FC = −0.58).